A review of frequently used <scp>Kampo</scp> prescriptions: Part 2—<scp>Hangekobokuto</scp>

Background The origin of hangekobokuto (HKT) is from Jin Gui Yao Lue (Kinkiyōryaku in Japanese), and it has been indicated for treating throat discomfort women. Key Findings HKT consists five crude drugs. Clinical studies have shown that can improve the swallowing reflex by increasing substance P level saliva; cough reflex; reduce pneumonia patients with dementia, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease; postoperative aspiration who undergo cardiovascular surgery; depression anxiety scores globus hystericus. Furthermore, reported to increase serotonin (5-HT) noradrenaline levels hypothalamus, dopamine (DA) striatum a healthy rodent model; 5-HT hippocampus, ameliorate DA reductions whole brain an acute stress striatum, prefrontal cortex chronic decrease corticosterone corticotropin-releasing factor model. Reported adverse events include interstitial (0.38 per 100 000 cases) liver damage (0.89 cases), which are rare. Conclusion widely used shows low rate events. Several clinical its effects reducing improving anxiety, some may be explained regulation monoamines hormones oral cavity.